Topic guide Database access optimization Understand QuerySets

As well as caching of the whole QuerySet, there is caching of the result of attributes on ORM objects. In general, attributes that are not callable will be cached.

Topic guide Database access optimization Understand QuerySets

To make use of the caching behavior of QuerySet, you may need to use the with template tag.

Topic guide Database access optimization Understand QuerySets

When you have a lot of objects, the caching behavior of the QuerySet can cause a large amount of memory to be used. In this case, iterator() may help.

Topic guide Database access optimization Retrieve related objects efficiently

Where prefetch_related would be useful after the queryset has been evaluated, use prefetch_related_objects() to execute an extra prefetch.

Topic guide Making queries Retrieving objects

filter() will always give you a QuerySet, even if only a single object matches the query - in this case, it will be a QuerySet containing a single element.

Topic guide Making queries Retrieving objectsLookups that span relationships

NOTE: The behavior of filter() for queries > that span multi-value relationships, as described above, is not implemented > equivalently for exclude(). Instead, > the conditions in a single exclude() > call will not necessarily refer to the same item.

Topic guide Making queries Related objectsOne-to-many relationships

In addition to the QuerySet methods defined in “Retrieving objects” above, the ForeignKey Manager has additional methods used to handle the set of related objects.

Reference PostgreSQL specific model fields Range FieldsQuerying Range Fields

Range fields support the standard lookups: lt, gt, lte and gte. These are not particularly helpful - they compare the lower bounds first and then the upper bounds only if necessary.

Topic guide Aggregation Generating aggregates for each item in a QuerySet

… most aggregates, there is no way to avoid this problem, however, the Count aggregate has a distinct parameter that may help: NOTE: In order to understand what happens in your query, consider inspecting the > query property of your QuerySet.

Topic guide Making queries

Keyword argument queries – in filter(), etc. – are “AND”ed together. If you need to execute more complex queries (for example, queries with OR statements), you can use Q() objects.

Index

… - quarter - field lookup type - query_pk_and_slug (django.views.generic.detail.SingleObjectMixin attribute) - query_string (django.views.generic.base.RedirectView attribute) - QueryDict (class in django.http) - queryset | - QuerySet (class in django.db.models.query) - queryset (django.views.generic.detail.SingleObjectMixin attribute) - (django.views.generic.list.MultipleObjectMixin attribute) - (ModelChoiceField attribute) - (ModelMultipleChoiceField attribute) …

Internals Django Deprecation Timeline

Calling QuerySet.values_list() with flat=True and no field name will raise TypeError. The use of None when querying a JSONField top-level value will compile to SQL IS NULL. Use JSONNull to query for a JSON null value instead.

Reference Settings Core SettingsDATABASES

Default: False Set this to True if you want to disable the use of server-side cursors with QuerySet.iterator(). Transaction pooling and server-side cursors describes the use case. This is a PostgreSQL-specific setting.

Topic guide

Article.objects.filter(publications__title__startswith="Science").distinct() <QuerySet [<Article: NASA uses Python>]> Reverse m2m queries are supported (i.e., starting at the table that doesn’t have a ManyToManyField): Excluding a related item works as you would expect, too (although the SQL involved is a little complex): If …

Topic guide Making queries

To retrieve objects from your database, construct a QuerySet via a Manager on your model class. A QuerySet represents a collection of objects from your database. It can have zero, one or many filters.

Topic guide Making queries

Sometimes you want to set a field to a particular value for all the objects in a QuerySet. You can do this with the update() method. For example: You can only set non-relation fields and ForeignKey fields using this method.

How-to

Django offers a wide variety of built-in lookups for filtering (for example, exact and icontains). This documentation explains how to write custom lookups and how to alter the working of existing lookups.

Index

… | | --- | --- | | - A (class in django.contrib.gis.measure) - aadd() (RelatedManager method) - aaggregate() (in module django.db.models.query.QuerySet) - aauthenticate() (in module django.contrib.auth) - (ModelBackend method) - (RemoteUserBackend method) - Abs (class in django.db.models.functions) - ABSOLUTE_URL_OVERRIDES - …

Index

| | | | --- | --- | | - each_context() (AdminSite method) - earliest() (in module django.db.models.query.QuerySet) - editable (Field attribute) - ELLIPSIS (Paginator attribute) - ellipsoid (SpatialReference attribute) - email (models.User attribute) - EMAIL_BACKEND - setting - EMAIL_FIELD …

Index

… - import_wkt() (SpatialReference method) - import_xml() (SpatialReference method) - ImproperlyConfigured - in - field lookup type - in_bulk() (in module django.db.models.query.QuerySet) - include - template tag - include (ExclusionConstraint attribute) - (Index attribute) - (UniqueConstraint attribute) - include() (in module …