1413 sections across all versions Narrow to Django 6.0 (current) →
Topic guide Aggregation Joins and aggregates
… (note how we use 'book' to specify the Publisher -> Book reverse foreign key hop): (Every Publisher in the resulting QuerySet will have an extra attribute called book__count.) We can also ask for the oldest book of any of those …
Topic guide Managers Custom managers
… Manager methods.) For example, this custom Manager adds a method with_counts(): With this example, you’d use OpinionPoll.objects.with_counts() to get a QuerySet of OpinionPoll objects with the extra num_responses attribute attached. A custom Manager method can return anything you want. It …
Topic guide Managers Custom managers
As a result, it’s a good idea to be careful in your choice of default manager in order to avoid a situation where overriding get_queryset() results in an inability to retrieve objects you’d like to work with.
Topic guide Managers Custom managersBase managers
For example, if the Question model from the tutorial had a deleted field and a base manager that filters out instances with deleted=True, a queryset like Choice.objects.filter(question__name__startswith='What') would include choices related to deleted questions.
Topic guide Managers Custom managersBase managers
Therefore, you should not override get_queryset() to filter out any rows. If you do so, Django will return incomplete results.
Topic guide Models
NOTE: The Models Reference Covers all the model related APIs including model fields, related > objects, and QuerySet.
Topic guide Multiple databases Manually selecting a database
For example, say you have a custom manager method that touches the database – User.objects.create_user(). Because create_user() is a manager method, not a QuerySet method, you can’t do User.objects.using('new_users').create_user().
Topic guide Multiple databases
Django’s admin doesn’t have any explicit support for multiple databases.
Topic guide Database access optimization
…including: Indexes. This is a number one priority, after you have determined from profiling what indexes should be added. Use Meta.indexes or Field.db_index to add these from Django.
Topic guide Database access optimization Don’t retrieve things you don’t need
If a model has a default ordering (Meta.ordering) and you don’t need it, remove it on a QuerySet by calling order_by() with no parameters. Adding an index to your database may help to improve ordering performance.
Topic guide Database access optimization Use bulk methods
When inserting objects into ManyToManyFields, use add() with multiple objects to reduce the number of SQL queries. For example: …is preferable to: …where Band and Artist are models with a many-to-many relationship.
Topic guide Database access optimization Use bulk methods
When removing objects from ManyToManyFields, use remove() with multiple objects to reduce the number of SQL queries. For example: …is preferable to: …where Band and Artist are models with a many-to-many relationship.
Topic guide Making queries Asynchronous queries
… you can swap to async for: Be aware that you also can’t do other things that might iterate over the queryset, such as wrapping list() around it to force its evaluation (you can use async for in a comprehension, if …
Topic guide Making queries Querying JSONFieldKey, index, and path transforms
classKT(lookup) : Represents the text value of a key, index, or path transform of JSONField. You can use the double underscore notation in lookup to chain dictionary key and index transforms.
Topic guide Making queries
Example: You can also delete objects in bulk. Every QuerySet has a delete() method, which deletes all members of that QuerySet.
Topic guide Making queries Related objectsOne-to-many relationships
This Manager returns QuerySet instances, which can be filtered and manipulated as described in the “Retrieving objects” section above. Example: You can override the FOO_set name by setting the related_name parameter in the ForeignKey definition.
Topic guide Making queries Related objectsOne-to-many relationships
If you would like to specify a different manager for a given query you can use the following syntax: If EntryManager performed default filtering in its get_queryset() method, that filtering would apply to the all() call.
Topic guide
For example: The QuerySet API is extensive. You can annotate and aggregate using many built-in database functions. Beyond those, you can create > custom query expressions. Before using raw SQL, explore the ORM.
Topic guide Performing raw SQL queries
The raw() manager method can be used to perform raw SQL queries that return model instances: Manager.raw(raw_query,params=(),translations=None) This method takes a raw SQL query, executes it, and returns a django.db.models.query.RawQuerySet instance.
Topic guide Creating forms from models Model formsets
As with regular formsets, you can use the max_num and extra parameters to modelformset_factory() to limit the number of extra forms displayed.